HD, ED, patella, eyes and DNA tests — the foundation of responsible breeding decisions.
Hip dysplasia (HD) and elbow dysplasia (ED) are screened by X-ray after 12 months of age (18 for giant breeds in some programs). Results are graded and registered, and breeding combinations should aim to improve joint status over generations.
An eye examination by a certified ophthalmologist is valid for about a year in breeding contexts. Small breeds often need patella checks, and breed-specific DNA tests reveal carriers of conditions like PRA — two carriers should never be paired.
Each breed club lists required and recommended tests, and kennel clubs may block registration without them. Log every result in the app so certificates are ready when buyers or clubs ask.
Correct answer: Hip and elbow joint health by X-ray
HD (hip) and ED (elbow) are X-ray screenings graded to guide joint-healthy breeding decisions.
Correct answer: Never be paired together
Pairing two carriers risks affected puppies; DNA testing lets breeders avoid carrier-to-carrier matings.
Correct answer: About one year
Because some eye conditions develop with age, certified eye exams are usually valid for around a year.
Correct answer: Required tests differ by breed and may be needed to register puppies
Each breed has its own mandatory and recommended tests, and kennel clubs may refuse registration without them.
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